Scat: A vocal improvisation technique characterized by the use of nonsensical syllables to create melodies, often mimicking instrumental solos.
Context and Significance
Scat is a crucial element in jazz music, allowing vocalists to explore melody, rhythm, and tone without the constraints of lyrics. It serves as a bridge between vocal and instrumental improvisation, providing singers with the freedom to showcase their creativity and technical skills. Scat is commonly featured in jazz performances, where singers emulate the improvisational style of instrumentalists, adding a dynamic and spontaneous element to the music.
Historical Background
Scat singing emerged in the early 20th century, gaining prominence through the jazz genre. It is believed to have originated from African American musical traditions. Louis Armstrong, a pivotal figure in jazz, popularized scat in the 1920s with his innovative vocal style. His recording of “Heebie Jeebies” marked a significant moment in the history of scat singing, showcasing its potential as a form of vocal expression.
Examples
Ella Fitzgerald is renowned for her scat singing prowess, often incorporating it into her performances. Her rendition of “How High the Moon” is a masterclass in scat improvisation. Similarly, Sarah Vaughan and Mel Tormé are celebrated for their scat singing abilities, each bringing their unique interpretation and flair to the technique. These artists have contributed to scat’s enduring legacy in jazz music.
Related Terms
Vocalese: Adding lyrics to instrumental solos in jazz pieces.
Improvisation: The spontaneous creation of music during a performance.
Bebop: A jazz style where scat often features rapid, complex phrasing.