Recitative: A style of delivery in opera and oratorio where the singer adopts the rhythms of ordinary speech. It serves to advance the plot and dialogue.

Context and Significance

Recitative is essential in opera and oratorio, providing a bridge between musical numbers and advancing the narrative. It allows for a more natural flow of dialogue, contrasting the more melodic and structured arias. Recitative is commonly found in works by composers like Handel, Mozart, and Verdi, where it assists in storytelling by blending spoken word with musical elements.

Historical Background

The use of recitative dates back to the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods, emerging as a distinctive style in Italian opera. It was designed to mimic the inflections of speech, allowing for clear delivery of text. This style became prominent in the 17th century, evolving through the works of composers like Monteverdi and continuing to influence operatic compositions into the 19th century.

Examples

In Mozart’s “The Marriage of Figaro,” recitative is used extensively to convey the intricate plot. Handel’s “Messiah” also features recitative, where it helps to narrate the biblical story. Verdi’s operas, such as “Rigoletto,” use recitative to maintain dramatic tension and drive the storyline forward.

Related Terms

Aria: A solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment, often more melodic than recitative.

Oratorio: A large-scale musical work for orchestra and voices, typically a narrative on a religious theme.

Opera: A dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, traditionally in a theatrical setting.

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