Ostinato: A musical figure that repeats persistently throughout a composition or section, often forming a rhythmic or melodic foundation.

Context and Significance

Ostinato plays a critical role in music by providing a stable and repetitive pattern that supports harmonic and melodic development. It is prevalent in various genres, including classical, jazz, and popular music. Instruments like the piano, strings, and percussion commonly employ ostinato to create rhythmic drive and thematic cohesion. This technique is often used to build tension or highlight particular sections within a piece, making it an essential tool for composers and performers alike.

Historical Background

The concept of ostinato dates back to the Renaissance period, where it was used in the basso continuo parts of vocal and instrumental music. Its name derives from the Italian word “ostinato,” meaning stubborn or persistent. Prominent in Baroque compositions, ostinato has evolved over the centuries to become a defining element in various musical styles, from the ground bass in Baroque to the riff in rock and roll.

Examples

A famous example of ostinato is found in Maurice Ravel’s Boléro, where a repeating rhythmic pattern underpins the entire orchestral piece. In popular music, the bass line of Queen’s “Another One Bites the Dust” serves as a recognizable ostinato. Additionally, the minimalist compositions of Steve Reich extensively utilize ostinato patterns to create intricate textures and pulsating rhythms.

Related Terms

Riff: A repeated melodic phrase, often found in rock and jazz.

Ground Bass: A repeating bass line used in Baroque music.

Loop: A short segment of music repeated continuously, often in electronic music.

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