Mordent: A musical ornament that involves the rapid alternation between a note and the note immediately below or above it.

Context and Significance

The mordent is a crucial element in classical music, adding expressiveness and nuance to compositions. It is frequently employed in Baroque and Classical eras, enhancing the emotional intensity of a piece. Mordents are common in keyboard instruments like the piano and harpsichord, where they contribute to the overall texture and richness of the music. They allow performers to interpret and personalize compositions, conveying subtle changes in mood and dynamics.

Historical Background

The term “mordent” originates from the Latin “mordere,” meaning “to bite,” reflecting the ornament’s quick, biting quality. It gained prominence during the Baroque period, when composers like J.S. Bach utilized it to embellish melodies and add intricate details to their works. As musical styles evolved, the use of mordents became more standardized, with specific symbols and notations developed to guide performers.

Examples

In Bach’s “Goldberg Variations,” mordents are used to create texture and complexity, demonstrating their importance in Baroque music. Similarly, Mozart incorporated mordents in his piano sonatas to infuse liveliness and character. These examples highlight the mordent’s versatility and its ability to enhance musical storytelling.

Related Terms

Trill: A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes.

Turn: An ornament involving four notes, creating a circular motion around the main note.

Appoggiatura: A grace note that resolves into a main note, delaying its onset.

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