Half Step: The smallest interval in Western music, spanning the distance between two adjacent keys on a keyboard, such as from E to F or B to C.

Context and Significance

The half step, also known as a semitone, is fundamental in constructing scales and harmonies. It serves as the building block for understanding tonal relationships in music. Common in various genres, the half step is essential for creating tension and resolution, especially noticeable in the leading tone to tonic movement in major scales. Pianists and guitarists often use half steps in their practice to develop precise intonation and smooth transitions between notes.

Historical Background

Originating from the tonal systems of ancient Greece and evolving through the medieval and Renaissance periods, the half step became a crucial component of Western music theory. In the 17th century, the development of equal temperament tuning allowed for the consistent use of half steps across all keys, enabling composers to explore new harmonic possibilities. This advancement significantly influenced the works of Baroque and Classical composers.

Examples

In Chopin’s Prelude in E Minor, Op. 28, No. 4, half steps are used to create a haunting and melancholic atmosphere. The tension and release between half steps drive the emotional impact of the piece. In jazz, musicians like Thelonious Monk utilize half steps in their improvisations to add color and complexity to their solos, demonstrating the interval’s versatility across musical styles.

Related Terms

Whole Step: An interval consisting of two half steps, such as from C to D.

Tritone: An interval of three whole steps, known for its dissonant sound.

Chromatic Scale: A scale consisting entirely of half steps, covering all twelve pitches in an octave.

« Back to Glossary Index