Full Cadence: A musical resolution of a phrase or section where the progression moves from the dominant chord (V) to the tonic chord (I), providing a sense of closure.

Context and Significance

Full cadences, also known as authentic cadences, are fundamental in Western music for establishing tonal resolution. They are prevalent in classical compositions, jazz, and popular music, often marking the end of a musical phrase or section. By resolving to the tonic chord, full cadences create a satisfying sense of conclusion and rest, crucial for signaling the end of musical ideas. Musicians and composers use this cadence extensively to reinforce the key and provide listeners with a sense of completion and stability.

Historical Background

The concept of the full cadence dates back to the development of tonal harmony in the Baroque period. As music evolved from modal to tonal systems, the V-I progression became a cornerstone of Western musical language. Composers like Johann Sebastian Bach utilized full cadences to structure and punctuate their works, embedding them into the fabric of classical music. This cadence type has since become an essential tool for composers and performers across various musical styles, maintaining its importance in the harmonic framework.

Examples

Full cadences are evident in countless classical works, such as the conclusion of a movement in Mozart’s symphonies or the end of phrases in Chopin’s nocturnes. In jazz, musicians often employ full cadences to resolve improvisational sections, while pop songs use them to finalize verses or choruses, ensuring a cohesive structure. The broad application of full cadences underscores their versatility and enduring relevance in music composition and performance.

Related Terms

Half Cadence: Ends on the dominant chord, creating a sense of anticipation.

Plagal Cadence: Moves from the subdominant (IV) to the tonic (I).

Deceptive Cadence: Resolves to a chord other than the tonic, often a submediant (vi).

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