Exposition: In music, exposition is the initial presentation of thematic material in a composition, typically found in sonata or fugue forms. It introduces main themes and sets the stage for further development.
Context and Significance
Exposition plays a crucial role in establishing the thematic foundation of a musical piece. In classical sonata form, it presents the primary and secondary themes, often in contrasting keys, which are later explored and developed in the composition. This section serves as the listener’s introduction to the musical narrative, setting expectations and providing a framework for the subsequent development and recapitulation sections. Exposition can be found across various genres, predominantly in classical music, but also in jazz and some modern compositions, where thematic development is key.
Historical Background
The concept of exposition emerged during the Classical period, particularly in the works of composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. It became a defining feature of the sonata form, a staple of Western classical music. Exposition in fugues, on the other hand, dates back to the Baroque era, with composers such as Bach employing it to introduce the subject and counter-subjects. This section has remained integral to the structure of many classical compositions, evolving slightly throughout musical history but retaining its foundational role in thematic presentation.
Examples
A quintessential example of exposition can be found in Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5, where the iconic four-note motif is introduced, setting the tone for the entire symphony. In Mozart’s Symphony No. 40, the exposition outlines the contrasting themes that drive the first movement. J.S. Bach’s The Art of Fugue showcases exposition in its fugues, presenting the initial theme that is elaborated upon in subsequent sections.
Related Terms
Development: The section that follows exposition, where themes are explored and varied.
Recapitulation: The return of themes introduced in the exposition, often in the home key.
Sonata Form: A musical structure including exposition, development, and recapitulation.
Fugue: A contrapuntal composition technique characterized by thematic exposition and development.