Dominant 7th Chord: A chord consisting of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and a minor seventh, creating a sense of tension that typically resolves to the tonic.
Context and Significance
The Dominant 7th chord holds a pivotal role in Western music’s harmonic structure. It is frequently used in classical, jazz, blues, and pop genres, providing a sense of tension that seeks resolution. This chord often appears in cadences, serving as a bridge to the tonic chord, which resolves the tension. Its use spans across various instruments, from the piano and guitar to brass and woodwinds, making it a versatile element in music composition and improvisation.
Historical Background
The Dominant 7th chord’s roots trace back to the Baroque period, where it was first employed to enhance harmonic progressions. It gained prominence during the Classical era, with composers like Mozart and Beethoven utilizing it to develop musical tension and drama. Over time, the chord became a staple in jazz and blues, contributing to the genres’ distinctive sound. Its historical evolution showcases its adaptability and enduring relevance in music theory and practice.
Examples
One of the most iconic uses of the Dominant 7th chord is in Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5, where it creates a dramatic lead into the next key. In jazz, Duke Ellington’s “Take the A Train” prominently features Dominant 7ths, enhancing the piece’s rich harmonic texture. The chord is also fundamental in blues, with artists like B.B. King employing it to create the genre’s characteristic sound. These examples illustrate the chord’s diverse applications across musical styles.
Related Terms
Tonic: The home chord to which the Dominant 7th resolves.
Major Scale: The scale from which the Dominant 7th is derived.
Cadence: A sequence of chords that concludes a musical phrase.
Blues Scale: Often features the Dominant 7th in its progression.