Concerto Grosso: A Baroque musical form where a small group of solo instruments, the concertino, contrasts with the full orchestra, the ripieno, creating dynamic interplay.
Context and Significance
The Concerto Grosso holds a pivotal place in Baroque music, showcasing the contrast between a group of soloists and a larger ensemble. This form is particularly significant in works by composers like Corelli and Handel, who utilized the technique to create intricate, dynamic performances. The genre is often employed in orchestral settings, highlighting the virtuosity of soloists while maintaining the full-bodied texture of the ensemble. Its structure allows for varied expression and interaction within the music, offering both solo and collective passages that are central to Baroque concert music.
Historical Background
The Concerto Grosso originated in the late 17th century, reaching its peak during the Baroque era. Derived from the Italian term for “large concert,” it was popularized by Arcangelo Corelli, who is often credited with formalizing the structure. This form evolved as a response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of orchestral music, serving as a precursor to the solo concerto. Handel and Vivaldi further developed the form, incorporating it into their works and solidifying its place in classical music history.
Examples
One of the most celebrated examples of Concerto Grosso is Corelli’s “Concerto Grosso in D Major, Op. 6, No. 4,” which exhibits the interplay between the concertino and ripieno. Handel’s “Concerto Grosso Op. 6” series also exemplifies the form, with the “Concerto Grosso in B-flat Major, Op. 6, No. 7” being particularly noteworthy. These compositions highlight the distinctive Baroque style and the engaging dialogue between the different musical groups.
Related Terms
Ripieno: The full orchestra part in a Concerto Grosso.
Concertino: The small group of solo instruments in a Concerto Grosso.
Solo Concerto: A related form featuring a single soloist with orchestral accompaniment.
Baroque Suite: A collection of instrumental compositions often sharing stylistic elements with concertos.