Concertino: A short concerto or a part of a concerto where a small group of solo instruments contrasts with the full orchestra.
Context and Significance
The term concertino is significant in orchestral music, specifically in concertos. It typically refers to the section within a concerto where a smaller group of solo instruments performs in contrast to the larger ensemble or ripieno. This arrangement creates a dynamic interplay and highlights the virtuosity of the soloists. Concertinos are commonly found in Baroque concertos, where they serve to showcase the technical and expressive capabilities of featured instruments within the overall composition.
Historical Background
The concept of the concertino emerged during the Baroque period, a time when the concerto form was being developed. It originates from the Italian word for “little concert,” reflecting its role within larger works. Composers like Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach frequently employed the concertino format in their works, contributing to its prominence in Western classical music. The structure allowed for both individual expression and intricate dialogue between soloists and the orchestra.
Examples
In Vivaldi’s “Concerto for Four Violins in B minor, RV 580,” the concertino section features the solo violins performing intricate passages that contrast with the orchestral accompaniment. Bach’s “Brandenburg Concerto No. 5” also highlights a concertino group consisting of violin, flute, and harpsichord, creating a rich interplay of textures. These examples illustrate how the concertino serves as a focal point within concertos, emphasizing the distinct voices of solo instruments.
Related Terms
Concerto Grosso: A Baroque form featuring a concertino and ripieno.
Ripieno: The full orchestra or ensemble section in a concerto.
Soloist: An individual performer in a concerto, often featured in the concertino.
Cadence: A virtuosic passage performed by the soloist in a concerto.