Supertonic: The supertonic is the second scale degree in a diatonic scale, lying a whole step above the tonic. It often serves as a pivot point in harmonic progressions.

Context and Significance

In music theory, the supertonic holds a significant role as it often leads to the dominant or mediant, contributing to the dynamic movement within a piece. Its application is widespread across various genres, enhancing chord progressions in classical, jazz, and pop music. Musicians frequently use the supertonic in both melody and harmony to create tension and resolve, making it a critical component for composers and performers alike.

Historical Background

The concept of the supertonic has been integral to Western music theory since the development of the diatonic scale system in the Medieval period. Its use became more pronounced during the Baroque era, as composers began to explore more complex harmonic structures. The supertonic’s role has evolved over centuries, adapting to the stylistic changes in music from classical to modern times.

Examples

An example of the supertonic in use can be found in Mozart’s Symphony No. 40, where it plays a vital role in the harmonic progression of the opening movement. Jazz musicians, like John Coltrane, also employ the supertonic to add depth to their improvisations, using it as a stepping stone to explore new tonal territories.

Related Terms

Tonic: The first scale degree, serving as the home base in a key.

Dominant: The fifth scale degree, often creating tension that resolves to the tonic.

Mediant: The third scale degree, providing a bridge between the tonic and dominant.

Subdominant: The fourth scale degree, frequently leading to the dominant.

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