Stretto: A musical device in counterpoint where the subject of a fugue is imitated before it is completed, creating a sense of urgency and tension.

Context and Significance

In the realm of music composition, stretto plays a pivotal role in enhancing the emotional impact of a piece. It is predominantly utilized in fugues, a form commonly associated with the Baroque period. By overlapping the subject entries, composers generate intensity, which is particularly effective in conveying climactic moments. Instruments across the board, from strings to keyboards, employ stretto to add depth and complexity, making it a versatile tool in both classical and contemporary musical compositions.

Historical Background

The concept of stretto finds its roots in the intricate counterpoint techniques of the Baroque era. Johann Sebastian Bach, a master of the fugue, frequently used stretto to heighten tension and drive musical narratives forward. This technique was refined over centuries and remains integral to fugue construction, continuing to influence modern compositions. The term itself originates from the Italian word “stretto,” meaning “narrow” or “tight,” reflecting its function of compressing musical ideas.

Examples

A quintessential example of stretto can be found in Bach’s “Fugue in C Minor” from “The Well-Tempered Clavier.” In this piece, the subject entries overlap tightly, creating a compelling and urgent musical dialogue. Beethoven’s “Grosse Fuge” also showcases stretto, where the technique amplifies the dramatic tension. Such use of stretto demonstrates its enduring appeal and effectiveness in compositional practice.

Related Terms

Fugue: A compositional technique characterized by systematic repetition of a principal theme.

Counterpoint: The art of combining melodies in a musical composition.

Canon: A contrapuntal composition that employs a melody with one or more imitations.

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