Drone Harmony: A musical technique where a sustained note or chord, typically a bass note, is held continuously throughout a passage, creating a harmonic foundation over which melodies can evolve.

Context and Significance

Drone harmony is significant in various musical genres, offering a foundation that supports melodic and harmonic development. It is prevalent in classical Indian music, where the drone underpins the raga, and in Western music, evident in genres like folk and some minimalist compositions. Instruments such as the bagpipes and tambura often use drone harmony to create a constant tonal backdrop that enriches the music’s texture.

Historical Background

The use of drone harmony dates back to ancient music traditions, with its roots in the music of various cultures, including Indian, Celtic, and medieval European. In Indian classical music, the drone is a fundamental element, traditionally played by the tambura. In medieval Europe, drones were a common feature in sacred music, providing a steady pitch that singers could use as a reference point.

Examples

Drone harmony is prominently featured in Indian classical music, where the tambura provides a continuous drone throughout performances. The Scottish bagpipes also employ drone harmony, with drones accompanying the melody played on the chanter. In modern music, bands like The Velvet Underground and artists like La Monte Young have incorporated drones into their compositions, creating a hypnotic and immersive listening experience.

Related Terms

Pedal Point: A sustained note over which harmonies change.

Bordun: A term for drone used in some European folk music.

Ostinato: A repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

Raga: A framework for melody in Indian classical music, often supported by a drone.

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