Cadence: A cadence is a sequence of chords that brings a section, phrase, or piece of music to a close, providing a sense of resolution or pause.

Context and Significance

In music, cadences serve as punctuation marks, signaling the end of a musical phrase or section. They are found in classical, jazz, and popular music, and are crucial in creating structure and form within compositions. Cadences guide listeners through the music, indicating pauses, transitions, or conclusions. They are used by composers to evoke emotions, such as surprise or fulfillment, and are played on various instruments, including piano and guitar.

Historical Background

The concept of cadence dates back to medieval music theory, where it was used to describe the end of a melodic line. Over time, cadences evolved and became more complex during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. By the Classical era, they were a staple in Western music composition, with theorists and composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven employing them extensively to create musical balance and closure.

Examples

In Mozart’s Symphony No. 40, the perfect cadence at the end of the first movement provides a strong sense of resolution. Similarly, in the Beatles’ song “Let It Be,” the use of plagal cadence gives a gentle, hymn-like closure. These examples highlight the versatility and impact cadences have across different music styles.

Related Terms

Perfect Cadence: A conclusive cadence often used to end sections strongly.

Imperfect Cadence: A cadence that leaves a sense of anticipation.

Plagal Cadence: Known as the “Amen” cadence, often used in hymns.

Deceptive Cadence: A cadence that surprises by avoiding expected resolution.

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