Cembalo: A keyboard instrument also known as the harpsichord, characterized by strings that are plucked rather than struck, producing a bright, resonant sound.

Context and Significance

The cembalo holds a significant place in Baroque and Renaissance music, often used in both solo and ensemble settings. Its distinct sound is integral to the musical fabric of these eras, providing harmonic support and embellishment in compositions. The instrument is commonly found in works of composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, where it is used to play continuo parts or as a solo instrument.

Historical Background

The cembalo emerged in the late Middle Ages, evolving from earlier keyboard instruments. It gained prominence during the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming a staple in European music. Its mechanics involve a quill or plectrum plucking the strings, distinct from the hammer action of the piano, which replaced the cembalo in popularity during the late 18th century.

Examples

In Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos, the cembalo plays a crucial role in the continuo section, providing rhythmic and harmonic foundation. Handel’s operas often feature cembalo in recitatives, enhancing dramatic expression. The instrument is also central to many solo harpsichord suites by composers like François Couperin and Domenico Scarlatti, showcasing its versatility and expressive range.

Related Terms

Clavichord: A quieter keyboard instrument with a softer sound, using a tangent to strike strings.

Fortepiano: The early version of the piano, offering dynamic contrast through a hammer mechanism.

Continuo: A form of bass accompaniment used in Baroque music, often played by the cembalo.

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