Leading Tone Seventh: A chord built on the seventh scale degree in diatonic harmony, typically appearing as a diminished seventh chord, functioning as a strong tension-resolution device toward the tonic.
Context and Significance
The leading tone seventh chord plays a crucial role in Western tonal music by heightening the tension before resolving to the tonic. It’s commonly used in classical compositions, especially in cadences where a strong pull to the tonic is desired. This chord’s dissonant sound makes it a favorite in genres that thrive on tension and release, such as orchestral works and operatic pieces. Composers often leverage this chord’s unique characteristics to enhance harmonic progression, particularly in piano and string compositions.
Historical Background
The concept of the leading tone seventh chord dates back to the Baroque era, where composers like Johann Sebastian Bach utilized it to create dramatic cadences. The use of this chord became more pronounced during the Classical and Romantic periods as composers sought to explore new harmonic possibilities. With its roots in traditional harmony, the leading tone seventh chord has continued to be a staple in music theory education, illustrating the principles of tension and resolution.
Examples
In Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5, the leading tone seventh chord is prominently used to build anticipation in the first movement. Similarly, Mozart’s piano sonatas often feature this chord to transition smoothly between sections. In more modern contexts, jazz musicians incorporate the leading tone seventh to create complex improvisations, adding to the richness of their harmonic language.
Related Terms
Tonic: The first scale degree, providing harmonic stability.
Dominant Seventh: A chord creating tension, typically resolving to the tonic.
Diminished Seventh: A dissonant chord often used for modulation.