Pedal Tone: A sustained note played consistently in the bass while harmonies change above it, often creating tension and resolution within a piece.

Context and Significance

Pedal tones hold a significant place in music for their ability to add depth and complexity. They are commonly used in classical, jazz, and rock music to maintain a tonal center. In organ music, pedal tones are frequently employed due to the instrument’s capacity to sustain low notes, providing a sonic foundation upon which other harmonies can be built. Guitarists and pianists also leverage pedal tones to create a drone-like effect that enriches musical texture.

Historical Background

The concept of pedal tone dates back to the Baroque period, where it was first utilized in organ music. The term “pedal” originates from the Latin word “pedalis,” referring to the foot-operated pedals of the organ, which allowed for sustained bass notes. This technique was later embraced by classical composers like Bach and Beethoven, who incorporated pedal tones into their symphonies and sonatas to create dramatic tension and enhance harmonic complexity.

Examples

Pedal tones are prominently featured in Bach’s “Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor,” where the sustained bass note underpins evolving harmonies. In rock music, bands like The Who used pedal tones in songs such as “Baba O’Riley” to maintain a constant tonal center and drive the piece forward. Jazz musicians, including John Coltrane, also utilize pedal tones to create a modal backdrop for improvisation.

Related Terms

Drone: A continuous note or chord throughout a piece.

Ostinato: A repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

Ground Bass: A repeating bass pattern serving as the foundation for a composition.

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